Recent reports have identified cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India and Malaysia, coinciding with a surge in respiratory infections in China.
India Reports First Cases of HMPV
In Bengaluru, Karnataka, two infants have tested positive for HMPV. The first case involves a 3-month-old female infant diagnosed with bronchopneumonia, who has since been discharged. The second case is an 8-month-old male infant, also with bronchopneumonia, currently recovering. Neither child has a history of international travel.
Additionally, a third case has been reported in Gujarat, involving a 2-month-old boy admitted with respiratory infection symptoms.
Karnataka Health Advisory
The Karnataka Health Ministry has issued an advisory highlighting that HMPV primarily affects children, causing symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. Preventive measures include covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, frequent handwashing with soap, and avoiding public places if symptomatic. The ministry notes that there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV; management focuses on alleviating symptoms with supportive care like rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications for pain, fever, and congestion.
Malaysia Observes Rise in HMPV Cases
Malaysia has reported a 45% increase in HMPV cases, with 327 cases in 2024 compared to 225 in 2023. The Malaysian Health Ministry advises the public to practice preventive measures, including frequent handwashing, wearing face masks, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. The ministry emphasizes that HMPV is not a new disease and that the public should take proactive steps to maintain health and prevent infection, especially in enclosed and crowded areas.
Global Context
These developments occur amidst reports of rising respiratory illnesses in China, where hospitals are reportedly overwhelmed with patients suffering from respiratory infections, including HMPV. Chinese authorities have suggested that the surge may be due to seasonal flu, with 30% of tests positive for influenza. The World Health Organization has called for greater transparency from China regarding virus origin data.
About HMPV
Human Metapneumovirus is a respiratory virus that typically causes symptoms similar to a common cold, such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. There is currently no vaccine for HMPV; treatment focuses on symptom management.
